Luan, Min
Tian, Youping
Wu, Xianfeng
Chen, Kuangyang
Hu, Cheng
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82404275)
a three-year action plan for strengthening the construction of the public health system in Shanghai (GWVI-11.2-YQ24)
Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Grant Award (ynqn202425)
Article History
Received: 14 January 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board. All participants were informed and provided their consent prior to their participation, and signed the related documents.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.