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Authors
Li, Rui Qiang
Lu, Ting Yu
Wang, Jiao
Zhang, Wei Sen
Du, Jun
Jin, Ya Li
Kan, Jun Tao
Lam, Tai Hing
Cheng, Kar Keung
Huang, Emma Yun-zhi
Xu, Lin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373661)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373661)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373661)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373661)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373661)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373661)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373661)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373661)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373661)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373661)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373661)
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Article History
Received: 14 February 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Guangzhou Medical Ethics Committee of the Chinese Medical Association and the Medical Ethics Committee of the Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital. Similarly, the research involving human participants received thorough evaluation and obtained the necessary approvals from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent for publication was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
