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Authors
Ren, Xiao-Li
Chen, Wei
Chen, Ya
Gao, Ge-Xin
Jin, Jun-Gu
Lou, En-Yu
Huang, Chen-Yi
Zhang, Hao-Ran
Lan, Heng
Jiang, Qing-Xi
Huang, Jessica Tzunu
Zailani, Halliru
Liu, Wen-Chun
Wang, Zhen-Feng
Chen, Yu-Hsin
Li, Jia
Su, Kuan-Pin
Yang, Bo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (202410343009)
the Science and Technology research Plan of Jinhua city, China (2022-3-114)
PhD Programs Foundation of the Wenzhou Medical University of Zhejiang Province, China (89217015)
the Scientific Technician Funding of Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau (X20210055)
the Basic Medicine Funding of Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau (Y20180195)
Zhejiang Provincial Higher-Education Teaching Reform Project (JGBA2024311)
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Article History
Received: 29 May 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by the institutional review board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). All NHANES protocols were approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board (Protocol #98 − 12, Protocol #2005-06, Continuation of Protocol #2005-06, Protocol #2011-17, Continuation of Protocol #2011-17 and Protocol #2018-01). Written informed consent was obtained from all of participants.
: This manuscript does not contain personal information about any of the study participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
