Li, Ziyue
Tan, Bohao
Desjardins, Clémence
Wang, Lu
Khandpur, Neha
Feng, Yu
Oh, Hannah
Li, Qirui
Qian, Frank
Zong, Geng
Zhou, Shenghua
Voortman, Trudy
Chen, Zhangling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4995-8485
Article History
Received: 27 November 2025
Accepted: 3 July 2026
First Online: 22 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The National Information Governance Board for Health and Social Care and National Health Service Northwest Multicenter Research Ethics Committee approved the protocols of the UKB. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.