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Authors
Zhang, Xiaowen
Gu, Xuelin
Chen, Li
Cao, Xueshan
Zhang, Chaojing
Li, Xiaoou
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Plan Project (No.22010502400)
Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Mental Health Research Institute Foundation (YJYPI202402)
Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Fund Livelihood Research Project for Public Institutions (PKJ2024-Y37)
Shanghai Municipal Education Commission AI Program (SHJWAIJK241203)
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Article History
Received: 15 January 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. We have obtained the ethical approval for the data of individuals with drug addiction from the Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences (Approval No. 2021-SWYYKJ-04-230204197506121418).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
