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Authors
Al abdi, Rabah
Saadeh, Nesreen
Hijazi, Heba
Al-zoubi, Nabil
Marone, Alessandro
Maheshwari, Nisha
Hielscher, Andreas H.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Scientific Research Support Fund, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Jordan (MPH/1/64/2019)
The Scientific Research Support Fund, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Jordan (MPH/1/64/2019)
The Scientific Research Support Fund, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Jordan (MPH/1/64/2019)
Columbia President’s Global Innovation Fund/ New York/ USA (PGIF- UR010054)
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Article History
Received: 3 August 2025
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
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: In this study, all participants were informed about the aims and design of the research, as well as the voluntary and confidential nature of their participation. Upon each participant’s approval and prior to the start of the data collection process, informed written consent was obtained from each participant who agreed to take part in the study. Ethical approval was requested from and granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) committees of the Jordan University of Science and Technology and the King Abdullah University Hospital (IRB protocol # 40/140/2021). The research followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: R.A., N.S., H.H., N.A., A.M., and N.M. declare no conflicts of interest related to this work. A.H.H. is listed as an inventor on a U.S. patent titled “Dynamic Optical Tomographic Imaging Devices, Methods, and Systems” (US 11,033,207 B2), assigned to The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. This intellectual property is not directly related to the DVOS system used in this study.
