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Article History

Received: 11 February 2019

Accepted: 30 July 2019

First Online: 14 August 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The research in this paper relies on data that was gathered and provided by Statistics Canada, after approval to use the data was obtained through a thorough application procedure. The data provided by Statistics Canada is protected by data analysts and custodians who thoroughly vet all results obtained using the data to ensure that the privacy of all respondents is maintained. According to the <i>Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans</i>, the guidelines that direct the activities of all REBs at Canadian research institutions, this type of data obtained from Statistics Canada is considered to be “publicly available,” meaning that REB approval is not required to conduct research using this data. Statistics Canada is responsible for ensuring that all data is collected and disseminated in an ethical way that conforms to federal legislation regarding the collection and safeguarding of census/survey data. For this reason, ethical approval is not required for this paper. Both authors were vetted by Statistics Canada and received approval to use the 2012 cycle of the Aboriginal Peoples Survey. An analyst approved by Statistics Canada vetted all results in this paper, according to the guidelines established by federal legislation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.