Crossmark

: This observational study integrates anonymised coded secondary data sources from publicly available open records. Colombia’s census microdata used in this study and the location of approved selected health services obtained from REPS are publicly available [, ].The study protocol does not involve human subjects research and is considered “without risk” per Colombian law. The Commission on Ethics in Animal and Human Experimentation (CEEAH) of the Universidad del Valle in Cali and the Vice-Rector for Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Ref: CEEAH-6100) cleared this project [].Travel-time data used by the AMORE web-based platform is available from OpenScience [July and November ]. The interactive web-based interface of the AMORE Platform used for this report is publicly available at . Readers can interact with changing parameters and testing assumptions. A Padlet offers access to the website, tutorials, databases, blogs, and presentations about the AMORE Project.

: All authors and collaborators completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form and declared no financial support from any organisation for the submitted work. IQuartil SAS provided technical support to develop the AMORE Platform and was subsidised for consulting services by LGC. PZ received consulting fees and time from IQuartil SAS for the AMORE Platform development. DC is a partner at IQuartil SAS and a sibling to LGC. LGC contributed to this work in his own time and capacity. CJ and EMH are LGC’s thesis directors. LGC, CJV, and AS contributed personal time to Driving for Equity, a proposal aligned with the AMORE Project and a finalist at WHO’s 2023 LEAD Innovation Challenge. JM declared that his hiring institutions received the following grants to support other work projects: Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (HQHSR1206660), Bloomberg Philanthropies (grant 46129, via University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health), FONDECYT via CIENCIACTIVA/CONCYTEC, British Council, British Embassy and the Newton-Paulet Fund (223-2018, 224-2018), DFID/MRC/Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1), Fogarty International Center (R21TW009982, D71TW010877, R21TW011740), Grand Challenges Canada (0335-04), International Development Research Center Canada (IDRC 106887, 108167), Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI CRN3036), National Cancer Institute (1P20CA217231), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (HHSN268200900033C, 5U01HL114180, 1UM1HL134590), National Institute of Mental Health (1U19MH098780), Swiss National Science Foundation (40P740-160366), UKRI BBSRC (BB/T009004/1), UKRI EPSRC (EP/V043102/1), UKRI MRC (MR/P008984/1, MR/P024408/1, MR/P02386X/1), Wellcome (074833/Z/04/Z, 093541/Z/10/Z, 103994/Z/14/Z, 107435/Z/15/Z, 205177/Z/16/Z, 214185/Z/18/Z, 218743/Z/19/Z) and the World Diabetes Foundation (WDF15-1224). He has also held a contract unrelated to this work with Health Action International. JM participated in these unpaid data safety and monitoring and advisory boards: DSMB, Nigeria Sodium Study (NaSS); Trial Steering Committee, INTEnsive care bundle with blood pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral haemorrhage Trial (INTERACT 3); International Advisory Board, Latin American Brain Health institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez (Chile); Consultative Board, Programa de Gastronomía, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; Advisory Board InterAmerican Heart Foundation (IAHF). JM participates in the following unpaid groups: Independent Group of Scientists (IGS), 2023 Global Sustainable Development Report, United Nations; Scientific Expert Committee, Global Data Collaborative for CV Population Health, World Health Federation, Microsoft, and Novartis Foundation; Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee for the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization; WHO Technical Advisory Group on NCD-related Research and Innovation, Noncommunicable Diseases Department, World Health Organization; Advisory Scientific Committee, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (Peru). NJO received consulting fees from Cochrane Complementary Medicine, Vivli, and Cochrane. JHR has leadership roles unrelated to this area of study. She sits on the Canadian Medical Foundation and the Pegasus Institute boards. JHR is the co-director of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Knowledge Translation and Health Technology Assessment for Health Equity at the Brùyere Institute of the University of Ottawa. All other authors have nothing to declare.The opinions conveyed in this article do not necessarily reflect the decisions or policies of the author’s employers, including PAHO/WHO. Any reproductions of this article must avoid implying endorsement by PAHO/WHO or other employers for this research or any particular organisation, service, or product. This project was conducted within the context of the doctoral programme in Biomedical Research Methodology and Public Health at the Autonomous University of Barcelona.

Updates are available Correction dated 2024-12-11

Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-024-02347-5

Updates are available Correction dated 2024-10-18

Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-024-02285-2