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Article History

Received: 16 February 2024

Accepted: 16 June 2024

First Online: 12 August 2024

Declarations

:

: The Beaumont Health Institutional Review Board approved this study (IRB #2023-097). A Research Waiver of Authorization was granted only for the stipulation of identification/data collection of the specific data variables for this study given it is not practical or feasible to obtain consent/assent for 100,000 + participants for this chart review. The use of PHI is necessary to collect study variables/data points to achieve the study objectives.

: Not applicable.

: AB has research grant support from B. Braun Medical, Becton-Dickinson, Teleflex, and Medline Industries. AB is a paid consultant for Lineus Medical and Skydance Vascular. All other authors declare no relevant conflicts of interest relevant to this work.