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Article History

Received: 15 October 2023

Accepted: 5 June 2025

First Online: 29 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study involves human participants and was approved by the Research Ethics Boards of Zhejiang Lab (reference 2023 No. 115). This study used visit-level administrative data collected by Xiaoshan Health Commission as part of its routine operations. Participants were informed about this data collection upon admission to healthcare facilities, which subsequently submitted the data to the government. As this study did not require personally identifiable information, we only received and used de-identified data. All methods were carried out in this study were accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations issued by the Research Ethics Board of Zhejiang Lab.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.