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Authors
Karimian, Zahra
Hashjin, Asgar Aghaei
Bellizzi, Saverio
Winkler, Volker
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
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Article History
Received: 22 March 2025
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study received ethical clearance / approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) for the project titled “Evaluating the Provision of Health Services to refugees and migrants towards achieving Universal Health Coverage in Iran: Measures, challenges and solutions” on March 12, 2024 [Approval ID: IR.IUMS.REC.1402.1189]. The Research Ethics Committee follows the guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki to ensure that research proposals involving human participants and / or their data comply with international ethical standards.
: Not applicable. This study is a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data from a public health center's database, involving only standard / routine clinical care. Therefore, informed consent was not required as participants did not actively engage in a research intervention, and any patient information was anonymized in the dataset provided to the research team.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
