Afeadie, Ransford Kwaku
Article History
Received: 9 June 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 20 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The study received ethical approval from the Ghana Health Service Ethical Review Committee (Approval No. GHS-ERC 016/04/22), in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Following approval, all participants including healthcare professionals, migrant adolescents, peers, gatekeepers, and Delphi panellists were fully informed about the study. Experts were contacted via email and confirmed their participation. Only individuals who provided written or thumb-printed consent were enrolled.Participation was voluntary, with the option to withdraw at any time without penalty. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. For migrant adolescents aged 18–19, consent was obtained directly, while for those aged 10–17, guardian or gatekeeper permission and child assent were secured. Thumbprints were used for those unable to read or write.Data was anonymised using unique codes, and personal information was securely stored and accessible only to the principal investigator. No identifying information appeared in reports.
: The authors declare no competing interests.