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Authors
Sen, Yang
Wanyu, Li
Jianwei, Shi
Leiyu, Shi
Le, Ma
Ying, Pan
Yang, Wang
Chao, Gu
Hanzhi, Zhang
Mengruo, Guo
Hua, Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9735-0335
Dehua, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7652-938X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (No. 20234Y0057)
Yangpu District "Outstanding Physician" Development Program (2024)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.72104183)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Health Policy Research Project
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 30 August 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University (Approval No.: LL-2023-SCI-016). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants were provided with detailed information regarding the purpose, content, and confidentiality of the survey and gave their informed consent prior to participation. The survey was conducted anonymously and participation was entirely voluntary.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
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