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Article History

Received: 19 April 2024

Accepted: 5 September 2025

First Online: 8 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was a secondary analysis using a pre-existing publicly available dataset. The primary survey did not involve vulnerable participants, collected only anonymous information, and obtained written informed consent from participants before the start of the study. Due to these reasons, this study was exempt from the requirement for approval by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Pukyong National University (1041386-202311-HR-125-02). All analyses were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.