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Authors
Ocloo, Edmond Kwaku
Okyere, Daniel
Kyei, Emmanuel Afreh
Siam, Ishaque Mintah
Asante-Poku, Adwoa
Akuffo, Richard
Palmer, Jennifer
Mtuy, Tara
Pullan, Rachel
Walker, Stephen L.
Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy
Ahorlu, Collins S.
Koka, Eric
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Ablordey, Anthony
Phillips, Richard Odame
Amoako, Yaw Ampem
Novignon, Jacob
Agbanyo, Abigail
Tuwor, Ruth Dede
Fokuoh-Boadu, Adelaide
Gborglah, Miriam
Gadisa, Endalamaw
Kaba, Mirgissa
Marks, Michael
Lambert, Saba
Pitt, Catherine
Amon, Esther
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR200125)
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Article History
Received: 13 December 2024
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: We received ethics approvals from the Institutional Review Board of the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (IRB 00001276), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (22604). The purpose of the study was explained to all participants. All participants consented to participate in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
