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Authors
Bitomsky, Laura https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9545-0268
Nißen, Marcia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-8825
Kowatsch, Tobias https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-4145
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was exempt from a formal review and approval by the Ethics Committee of the University of St. Gallen in October 2024. Written informed consent was obtained from all interview and workshop participants.
: All authors are affiliated with the Centre for Digital Health Interventions (CDHI), a joint initiative of the Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, the Department of Management, Technology, and Economics at ETH Zurich, and the Institute of Technology Management and School of Medicine at the University of St. Gallen. CDHI is funded in part by CSS, a Swiss health insurer, the Swiss growth-stage investor MTIP, and the Austrian health provider Mavie Next. TK was also a co-founder of Pathmate Technologies, a university spin-off company that creates and delivers digital clinical pathways. However, neither CSS, Mavie Next, nor Pathmate Technologies were involved in this research.
