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Authors
Ahmed, Ahmed Balla M.
Hemmeda, Lina
Alrawa, Salma
Abukhris, DarElsalam Kowa Hussein
Suliman, Doaa Kamal Eldeen Esmaiel
Hamad, Ethar
Mohammed, Fatima Afeef Altayeb
Gasm Alseed Fadlalmoula, Gasm Alseed Abdelmonim
Rhamttallah, Maha
Awadalla Alsedig, Mai Fathi
Awad, Mohammed Haydar
Masaad Ahmed, Muhannad Bushra
Abaker Joda, Tarteel Abbas
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Article History
Received: 23 August 2024
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was granted by the Research Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gadarif, under approval number RC.Q3.1.6.24. Subsequently, administrative approval was obtained from the management of each locality’s primary healthcare unit and the administrator of each center. Informed written consent was then acquired from every patient after thoroughly explaining the research purpose, with the option to withdraw from the study at any time. The data collected was anonymized and kept confidential, accessible only to the research team.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
