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Article History

Received: 2 July 2025

Accepted: 22 October 2025

First Online: 18 November 2025

Declarations

:

: These results are not official statistics. They have been created for research purposes from the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) which is carefully managed by Stats NZ. For more information about the IDI please visit .

: This study received ethical approval from the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee (reference HD21/018) on 18 March 2021. This is a retrospective observational study using existing administrative data, all patient information was de-identified and patient consent was not required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.