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Authors
Elhassan, Suodad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-5902
Abdelhadi, Iyas A. A.
Mohamed, Nashwa N. S.
Mohammed, Aliaa M. A.
Mohammed, Waad A. O.
Abdalla, Hiba H. M.
Khairy, Amna
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Article History
Received: 14 June 2025
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was issued from the research unit of the Northern state ministry of health, Sudan. Informed consent was obtained from all patients involved in the study prior to enrollment. Permission from the selected hospitals was obtained. Participants had the right to withdraw at any time without any deprivation. Participants were not harmed by any means, and healthcare delivery process to the patient was not interrupted. There were no experimental protocols, and complete confidentiality was ensured.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
