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Authors
Wang, Yuxiao
Zhang, Jingru
Zhang, Xinyue
Lian, Tinghui
He, Lu
Xie, Jun
Li, Jiantao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2301603)
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Article History
Received: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanxi Medical University, which approved all experimental protocols (#2021014). The data utilized in this study are from public statistical yearbooks released by the National Health Commission. All data are in the form of provincial-level panel data and are fully anonymized, containing no personally identifiable information.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
