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Authors
Struckmann, Verena
Waitzberg, Ruth
Orduhan, Clara
Junge, Louise Charlotte Olimpia
Danso, Sylvia
Sie, Ali
Binyaruka, Peter
Opoku, Daniel
Petifour, Laurène
Srivastava, Swati
De Allegri, Manuela
Quentin, Wilm
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Technische Universität Berlin
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Article History
Received: 17 August 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
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: The research, methods, and interview guides were approved by the Ethics Committee Faculty VII of the TU Berlin on 06 th December 2021 (project number: 20210917), the Ethics Committee of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Kumasi on 16 th May 2022 (project number: CHRPE/AP/187/22), the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) in Dar Es Salaam on 13th December 2021 (project number: NIMR/HQ/R0.8a./Vol.IX/3862) and the Comite Institutionnel D’Ethique in Nouna on 15 th December 2021 (project number 2021–209/MS/SG/INSP/CRSN/CIE). We sought written informed consent from all study participants. In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
