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Authors
Kalulu, James Cosmas
Wang, Min
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71772027)
Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province (No. 2022JDR0094)
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Article History
Received: 30 May 2025
Accepted: 24 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
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: Approval for the study was obtained from the Dodoma Region Committee for Medical and Health Ethics. Participants were informed of the purpose of the study, their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, and the measures to ensure confidentiality. All participants provided informed consent, with anonymity ensured through coded identifiers. There was no financial compensation, but the respondents were thanked for participating.
: Not applicable.
: The Authors used Grammarly for language editing. No generative AI tools were used to draft, analyze, or generate any of the intellectual content. The Authors take full responsibility for the work’s integrity and originality.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
