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Authors
Serván-Mori, Edson https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9820-8325
Zamudio-Sosa, Alejandro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-5585
Esposito, Lucio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3497-7517
Sandoval-Moreno, Gabriela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-7006
Jara, H. Xavier https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-2653
Cavalcanti, Daniella Medeiros https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-9844
Moncayo, Ana L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3592-7503
Rasella, Davide https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-4386
Chivardi, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0470-3371
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council (MRC), UK Research and Innovation (MR/Y004884/1)
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Article History
Received: 9 January 2026
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 25 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study involved no human participants and was approved by the Research, Biosafety and Ethics Committees of the National Institute of Public Health in Mexico (ID: 2469/1915/S2-2024).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Memorial quote: We dedicate this manuscript to our colleague, professor and friend, Sandra Sosa-Rubí, PhD, who passed away in March 2021; Sandra consistently inspired us in our analysis of equity and financial protection in health during her fruitful lifetime.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
