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Authors
Gao, Qiufeng
Jiang, Yuxin
Wang, Xintong
Zhou, Bei
Shi, Yaojiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 72203134)
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Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 1 July 2026
First Online: 6 July 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Xi’an Gaoxin Hospital in China (approval number: 2019-KY005, approval date: 27 December 2019). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection, either in writing or verbally for those unable to provide written consent. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary, and all data provided by participants were kept strictly confidential, fully anonymized, and used solely for academic research purposes.
: Not applicable.
: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used ChatGPT-5 (OpenAI, ) to assist with grammar checking and improving sentence clarity. All content generated with the help of this tool was carefully reviewed and revised by the authors, who take full responsibility for the final content of the article.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
