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Article History

Received: 8 May 2025

Accepted: 15 July 2025

First Online: 14 August 2025

Change Date: 26 September 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: This article has been updated to correct the blank reviewer report. This report was previously unavailable due to a technical error. As shown in the ‘author comments’ file: the authors did have access to this reviewer report during the peer review process.

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Dr. Baccarelli served as an expert witness for the plaintiff’s legal team on matters of general causation involving acetaminophen use during pregnancy and its potential links to neurodevelopmental disorders. This involvement may be perceived as a conflict of interest regarding the information presented in this paper on acetaminophen and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Dr. Baccarelli has made every effort to ensure that this current work—like his past work as an expert witness on this matter—was conducted with the highest standards of scientific integrity and objectivity.