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Authors
MacPherson, Susan
Ashley-Martin, Jillian
Braun, Joseph M.
Oulhote, Youssef
Arbuckle, Tye E.
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Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 22 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The MIREC study was approved by the Health Canada and Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) Research Ethics Board (REB), Sainte-Justine University Hospital, as well as those of all MIREC-affiliated study sites. The Health Canada-PHAC REB is guided by the principles of the second edition of the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS 2). .
Competing interests: Dr. Braun has been compensated for serving as an expert witness for plaintiffs in litigation related to PFAS-contaminated drinking water. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
