Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Smith, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-3859
Lin, Pi-I D.
Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L.
Gold, Diane R.
Hivert, Marie-France
Oken, Emily
Cardenas, Andres
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
NIH Office of the Director
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 23 April 2026
Accepted: 8 July 2026
First Online: 15 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Participants provided written informed consent at recruitment and all postnatal follow-up visits, and children provided verbal assent at mid-childhood. The Institutional Review Board of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care reviewed and approved all study protocols.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
