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Authors
Wang, Shuo
Xia, Chuanyou
Zhu, Yuchong
Tang, Guanbao
Wang, Yunchao
Meng, Lingquan
Zhang, Xiaoming
Wang, Jianning
Yang, Jiwei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation
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Article History
Received: 13 January 2026
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 17 May 2026
Declarations
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: The Medical Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital approved this study protocol [Ethics Review Approval No.: S951 (2025)]. All procedures followed the Declaration of Helsinki and the Chinese medical ethics standards. Owing to the retrospective design and data anonymization, the committee waived the requirement for informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
