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Authors
Xiao, Jing
Fei, Teng
Yu, Bo
Huang, Yingjing
Du, Yunyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFC3307600)
National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program (42271476)
State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System
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Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Accepted: 28 August 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was granted ethical exemption by the School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University. The research utilized anonymized public datasets: medical records stripped of personal identifiers and street view images with geographic coordinates perturbed by 100 meters. Informed consent was not required under national regulations for non-identifiable secondary data analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
