Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 July 2025

Accepted: 8 September 2025

First Online: 27 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study used publicly available, de-identified data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In accordance with United States Department of Health and Human Services guidelines, the use of such data is exempt from Institutional Review Board (IRB) review under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(4). Informed consent was obtained from all participants by the CDC at the time of original data collection. All analyses adhered to CDC data use policies.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.