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Authors
Farley, Shannon M.
Delgado, Stephen
McCracken, Stephen
Thomson, Dana R.
Chen, Qixuan
Reid, Giles
Baptista, Sandra
Biraro, Sam
Kabala, Andrew
Mulindwa, Herbert
Okimait, David
Mugisha, Veronicah
Chung, Hannah
Gianetti, Brittany
Sendagala, Sam
Nel, Jennifer
Currie, Dustin
West, Christine A.
Matovu, Charles Herbert
Nyakoojo, Ronald
Kasozi, Julius
Mumbere, Hillary
Kirungi, Wilford
Musinguzi, Joshua
Hoos, David
El-Sadr, Wafaa M.
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
: The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the funding agencies.
: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (Protocol number: 7341), Westat, and the local institutional review boards in Uganda, the Uganda Virus Research Institute, and the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology. (See 45 C.F.R. part 46; 21 C.F.R. part 56). All participants consented to participate in the interviews and blood tests and received copies of the consent documents.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
