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Authors
Kapitza, Jonas
Wieland, Thomas
Metzler, Markus
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 6 June 2026
Declarations
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: Since this project utilizes retrospective and aggregated patient data (postal code level) for healthcare quality assurance purposes, formal ethics approval was deemed unnecessary by the Medical Ethics Committee of Julius Maximilian University Würzburg. They confirmed that such quality assurance projects, aimed at evaluating healthcare gaps, do not fall within their formal remit but stated that no ethical objections exist (based on consultation for a similar project, Reference No.: 2025-480-ka).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
