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Article History

Received: 10 March 2025

Accepted: 25 September 2025

First Online: 15 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study doesn’t include human participants. For the human data and tissues, the fundamental ethical principles promoted by the European Union have been strictly respected, as described in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (2000/C364/01). The project was evaluated by the Ethical Committee of University Hospital Clinico San Carlos (B.0000725; PT17/0015/0040; ISCIII-FEDER). The institutional review board (IRB) of University Hospital Clinico San Carlos evaluated the present study and approved it on March 10, 2017, with approval number n° 17/091-E. All patients provided written informed consent for the use of their biological samples for research purposes. Moreover, the criteria of the Declaration of Helsinki (last revision 2013) and the Spanish Biomedical Research Law (14/2007, of July 3) were met. Ethical principles were followed regarding the use of human samples and the generation of databases while respecting the Spanish Organic Law on Data Protection (LO 15/1999) and the European Union Fundamental Rights of the EU (2000/C364/01). The confidentiality of all personal, clinicopathological, and/or genetic data of patients will always be maintained per current legislation (2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 27th, 2016 on Data Protection, Personal Data Protection Law 3/2018, of December 5th, on the Personal Data Protection that guarantees all digital rights, and the provisions in this regard contemplated in Law 41/2002, of November 14th). The Government of Upper Bavaria (Regierung von Oberbayern) reviewed and approved all animal housing and experimental procedures, following the Federal German Guidelines for Ethical Treatment of Animals (ROB-55.2-2532.Vet_02-20-134, ROB-55.2-2532.Vet_02-20-97, ROB-55.2-2532.Vet_03-21-68).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.