Chen, Bonan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2430-7934
Tang, Hongzhen
Zheng, Xiaohong
Xie, Fuda
Yu, Peiyao
Lyu, Yang
Feng, Tiejun
Wu, Jialin
Liu, Jingya
Xu, Yi
Cheung, Alvin H. K.
Fang, Canbin
Wang, Zhangding
Wang, Shouyu
Cheung, Justin Chak Ting
Dong, Yujuan
Tian, Ruoxi
Zhang, Yigan
Lu, Cheng
Wong, Chi Chun
Yu, Jun
Wu, William K. K.
Burgermeister, Elke
Tong, Man
Zhang, Fengbin
Kang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4651-677X
Leung, Kam Tong
To, Ka Fai https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4919-3707
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82403017)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272990)
RGC Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme (UGC/GEN/562/3)
CUHK Direct Research Grant (2024.066)
Hebei Provincial Major Science and Technology Support Plan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation/Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Project (25297706D)
the NSFC-RGC Joint Research Scheme (N_CUHK448/23)
Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
:
: All human samples and data used in this study were obtained with approval from the relevant institutional ethics committees. The study was approved by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CREC Ref. No. 2022.060). For all cohorts, the requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and use of de-identified archival or publicly available data.
: Consent was obtained from each patient.
: The authors declare no competing interests.