Document is current

Article History

Received: 25 June 2025

Accepted: 27 October 2025

First Online: 2 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All human tissues were obtained with fully informed consent and transferred to AstraZeneca. AstraZeneca has a governance framework and processes to ensure that commercial sources have appropriate patient consent and ethical approval in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki in place for collection of the samples for research purposes including use by for-profit companies. The AstraZeneca Biobank in the UK is licensed by the Human Tissue Authority (License No. 12109) and has National Research Ethics Service Committee (NREC) approval as a Research Tissue Bank (RTB) (REC No 17/NW/0207) which covers the use of the samples for this project.

: Not applicable.

: M.X., M.V., S.S., S.L., A.G.C., H.B., H.K.A., F.N., F.J.S., A.A., J.R.-C., P.W., M.S., J.C.B., and G.F. are/were employees of AstraZeneca and may own stock or stock options.C.M.G. discloses advisory/management and consulting positions, including speaking engagements for ACHL, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Dava Oncology, IDEOlogy, IDR, MJH, OncLive, PeerView, PER, and Targeted Healthcare, Advisory boards/steering committees for Abdera, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, G1, Jazz, Monte Rosa, OncoHost, and Roche/Genentech, and paid consulting for Catalyst and Kisoji Biotechnology; and holds United States of America Patent No. 11, 732, 306 (20210062274; Molecular subtyping of small cell lung cancer to predict therapeutic responses).R.J.C. has no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.P.M.W. discloses competing financial interests with Pillar Biosciences and Quantumcyte, and advisory/management and consulting positions with Pillar Biosciences, Quantumcyte, Diagnexia, Lunito, Biocartis, Abbvie, and Akoya.J.C.B. discloses an advisory/management and consulting position with Precede Biosciences.L.A.B. discloses consulting/advisory boards for Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Genetech Inc., BeiGene, AbbVie, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Puma Biotechnology, Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, and Novartis; and holds United States of America Patent No. 11, 732, 306 (20210062274; Molecular subtyping of small cell lung cancer to predict therapeutic responses).