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Authors
Huang, Xiao-Xiao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1083-2217
Xie, Cheng-Ke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-7226
Mo, Yi-Chao
Li, Wei
Wu, Yong-Ding https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4874-2589
Li, Zhi-Yuan https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9619-6317
Zhang, Hao-Xiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6302-0901
Li, Ge https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3650-5791
Jin, Long
Lin, Xin-Quan
Hu, Jian-Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4801-7808
Chen, Yin-Hao
Lin, Hong-Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-0819
Zhu, Shun-Cang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-3583
Lu, Jin-Peng
Zhu, Hou-Juan
Wang, Wan-Wan
Huang, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7273-8301
Wang, Zu-Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-9364
Huang, Long https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1339-9906
Wang, Dan-Feng
Tian, Yi-Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6340-4497
Liao, Cheng-Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7221-7522
Chen, Shi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-7479
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fujian Provincial Health Science and Technology Plan Project, Youth and Middle-aged Talent Training Project (2021GGA006)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82503412)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82473009)
Fujian Province Science and Technology Innovation Joint Fund Project (2024Y9070)
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2024ZD0525500/2024ZD0525502)
Fujian Research and Training Grants for Young and Middle-aged Leaders in Healthcare (No.2021(60))
National Outstanding Young Physicians Talent Program
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: Human PDAC tissues obtained from Fujian Provincial Hospital and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital were utilized for IHC analysis, PDOs establishment, mIFS, and scRNA-seq investigations. Technical execution of mIFS was conducted by Wuhan Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). This study protocol received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of Fujian Provincial Hospital (IRB No. K2024-06-027), with written informed consent obtained from all participating donors. Animal experimental procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Fujian Provincial Hospital (Protocol No. IACUC-FPH-SL-20240530[0312]) and strictly adhered to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guidelines for the Humane Use and Care of Laboratory Animals.
: The authors understand that the text and any pictures or videos published in the article will be freely available on the internet and may be seen by the general public. The pictures, videos and text may also appear on other websites or in print, may be translated into other languages or used for commercial purposes. The authors have been offered the opportunity to read the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
