Zhou, Huaixiang
Jin, Qunlong
Fu, Zhang
Yang, Yanming
Gao, Yunfei
Wang, Niu
Zhao, Bo
Gui, Long
Li, Jiang
Zhu, Zijing
Zhang, Ying
He, Yulong
Zhang, Ying
Luo, Shouqing
Fu, Li
Wu, Xudong
Wang, Guihua
Xu, Zhiming
Li, Huiliang
Zhang, Junjing
Shen, Xuetong
Wang, Tao
Jiang, Youheng
Li, Ningning
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Foundation (A2022068)
The Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM202111005)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32471261)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81874176)
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research (2021B1212040006)
Funding of Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology (LCYSSQ20220823091203008)
Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 20 December 2025
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The use of human CRC and liver metastasis tissues was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-Sen University (Approval No. KY-2023-071-01) and the Medical Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Approval No. TJ-IRB20220723). Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the study adhered to the principles of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-Sen University (Approval No. SYSU-IACUC-2024-001631).
Consent for publication: Consent was obtained from each patient.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.