Bevere, Michele
Gkountakos, Anastasios
Valentinuzzi, Silvia
De Fabritiis, Simone
Wong, Chee S.
De Robertis, Riccardo
Mattiolo, Paola
Gentiluomo, Manuel
Fassan, Matteo
Pea, Antonio
Crinò, Stefano F.
Simbolo, Michele
Mafficini, Andrea
Campa, Daniele
Cingarlini, Sara
Landoni, Luca
Lawlor, Rita T.
Salvia, Roberto
D’Onofrio, Mirko
Milella, Michele
Adsay, Volkan
Brosens, Lodewijk A.
Heaphy, Christopher M.
Hong, Seung-Mo
Singhi, Aatur D.
Scarpa, Aldo
Luchini, Claudio
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro ETS (28054; 29829)
Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro ETS (26343)
Fondazione Italiana per la ricerca sulle Malattie del Pancreas (J38D19000690001)
Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Verona Vicenza Belluno e Ancona (203885)
Article History
Received: 5 February 2026
Accepted: 21 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable (review of the literature).
Consent for publication: Not applicable (review of the literature).
Competing interests: All the authors have no competing interest that can influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper. Regarding competing interest outside this study, the full disclosure is as follows: Aldo Scarpa reports honoraria from Incyte, MSD, and Medica (consulting and speaker bureau) and Claudio Luchini reports honoraria from Astellas (consulting and advisory board), and from Bayer, MSD, Gilead sciences, and Medica s.r.l. (consulting and speaker bureau). The other authors have no competing interest to declare.