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Article History

Received: 16 October 2024

Accepted: 23 January 2025

First Online: 31 January 2025

Declarations

:

: The present study employed anonymized data obtained from ‘the publicly accessible NHANES database. The study received ethical approval from ‘the National Center for Health Statistics’ Ethics Review Committee’ and followed relevant guidelines, including those set forth in ‘the Declaration of Helsinki. Importantly, all NHANES participants gave documented consent before their involvement. This consent process occurred prior to any data collection, ensuring that subjects were fully aware of and agreed to their participation in the survey.

: The “Consent for publication” section is not needed for this type of study using anonymized ‘public data’.

: The authors declare no competing interests.