Document is current

Article History

Received: 26 December 2024

Accepted: 17 March 2025

First Online: 31 March 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for the study protocol was obtained from the institutional review boards of both Zhongda Hospital Southeast University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The ethics committees deemed the study protocol to be in compliance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant regulatory requirements. Given the retrospective nature of the study, the institutional review boards waived the requirement for written informed consent from the enrolled patients. This waiver was justified by the fact that the study involved the analysis of existing clinical data without any interference with standard medical care or patient treatment protocols. The collected data were anonymized to ensure patient confidentiality, and the study was conducted with the utmost respect for patient privacy and data integrity.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.