Wang, Yifei
Bi, Lei
Li, Qing
Wang, Qiuyu
Lv, Tingting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3313-0974
Zhang, Ping https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5843-1108
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (7244450)
Article History
Received: 14 February 2025
Accepted: 21 April 2025
First Online: 24 April 2025
Declarations
:
: The National Center for Health Statistics and Ethics Review Board approved the protocol for NHANES. And the Institutional Review Board of Peking University approved the protocol for CHARLS. All participants provided written informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.