Yan, Zixuan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8380-266X
Duan, Lincheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1937-1605
Yin, Hong
Wang, Muchen
Li, Jingwen
Li, Chenghua
Wang, Xiao
Cai, Dingjun
Liang, Fanrong
Qi, Wenchuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-8870
Funding for this research was provided by:
the regional cooperation program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U21A20404)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82205286, No.82474656)
Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (No. 2023NSFSC1819)
Scientific Talents Promotion Program of Xinglin Scholars (No. BSH2020023)
Xinglin Scholars of Joint Innovation Fund between School and Hospital: Hospital Special Fund (No.LH202402005)
Scientific Talents Promotion Program of Xinglin Scholars: Youth Fund Talent Program
Article History
Received: 17 April 2025
Accepted: 20 June 2025
First Online: 3 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The NHANES protocol was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent. The Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052–11015) approved the CHARLS study, and all participants provided written informed consent before participation.
: All the authors gave their consent to publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.