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Authors
Yu, Yanmei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-9604
Zhang, Yiming https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2698-9883
Zhu, Chunyan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1148-1753
Duan, Tingting
Rao, Zichen https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6788-4829
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Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 23 June 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Quzhou People’s Hospital (Approval Number: 2023 − 151). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified patient data. All data were anonymized prior to analysis.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
