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Authors
Mossavarali, Shervin https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3579-8898
Azizpour, Yosra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3875-3871
Golestani, Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-0435
Rezaei, Nazila https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4241-1783
Khosravi, Sepehr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5372-0787
Mirzad, Mina https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0634-3293
Khashayar, Pouria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-2181
Tabatabaei-Malazy, Ozra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0188-9721
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (1403-2-221-73074)
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Article History
Received: 17 January 2025
Accepted: 1 July 2025
First Online: 7 July 2025
Declarations
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: The Research Ethics Committees of the Endocrine & Metabolism Research Institute at Tehran University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Reference Code: IR.TUMS.EMRI.REC.1403.071). Participants provided informed consent in person after receiving written information detailing the study’s objectives and procedures in the 2021 STEPS survey.
: Not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used GPT-4 to check grammar. After that, the author reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
