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Authors
Zhang, Zengxiao
Li, Shunke
Zhou, Shizhe
Wang, Lin
Yan, Xudong
Yu, Longgang
Jiang, Yan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Project of Medical and Health Technology Development Program of Shandong Province (202207010780)
Qingdao Natural Science Foundation (23-2-1-199-zyyd-jch)
Medicine and Health Science Technology Development Program of Qingdao (2021-WJZD175)
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2023MH027)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471140 and 81770978)
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Article History
Received: 18 March 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 28 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (ID: QYFY WZLL 28781). As this study is a retrospective analysis utilizing anonymized clinical data extracted from medical records, informed consent was not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
