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Authors
Zhang, Jue
Shi, Huan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Changzhou Sci&Tech programme (No. 20210162)
Jiangsu applied research of social sciences programme (No. 20SYB-111)
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Article History
Received: 9 March 2025
Accepted: 9 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: All protocols were approved by the NCHS Ethics Review Board, and participants provided written informed consent. The research was conducted under the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Given that all the information from the NHANES program is publicly available, no medical ethics committee board approval was needed. The study protocols for NHANES were approved by the NCHS ethics review board (protocol number 2011-17, ). Informed consent was obtained from all participants before their involvement in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
