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Authors
Huang, Weicheng
Chen, Yubin
Peng, Gang
Xiao, Qun
Li, Yueran
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2025
Accepted: 11 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS protocol adhered to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
