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Authors
Zhang, Qingqing
Zhang, Xiaoyu
Zhang, Shanshan
lv, Guangda
Wang, Yu
Shi, Xiaotian
Li, Yan
Ding, Lei
Li, Dong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital (22019C1005)
National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFC3607500 and 2024YFC3607504)
National Institute of Hospital Administration (LY2025JY008)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (IS25067)
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China (19182-0-01). The study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The publication of this manuscript has been authorized by all authors.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
