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Association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related inflammation indices and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study employing machine learning analysis

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-025-02806-0

Published Online: 2025-12-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Hua, Xingshi

Gan, Yu

Lv, Xiaodong
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-04

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-04
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Article History

Received: 24 August 2025

Accepted: 9 November 2025

First Online: 4 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The NHANES protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics ( ). All participants provided written informed consent. Clinical trial number: not applicable.

: Consent for publication is not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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