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Authors
Gu, Tianshu
Liu, Junyu
Qi, Zuo
Zhang, Yukun
Hu, Sutao
Zhang, Ze
Xue, Zhengkai
Liu, Tong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0482-0738
Chen, Kang-Yin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-6438
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction (TJYXZDXK-3-006B)
the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030, Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2024ZD0524300, 2024ZD0524301)
Tianjin Municipal Research Project in Priority Areas of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2022011)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470527)
Science and Technology Project of Tianjin Municipal Health Committee (TJWJ2024RC004, TJWJ2022MS009)
Key Science and Technology Support Project of Tianjin Science and Technology Bureau (24ZXGZSY00130)
Key Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission (2024ZD031)
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Article History
Received: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (KY2023052-01), which waived the requirement for informed patient consent. Written informed consent for participation was not required for this retrospective analysis in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
